tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46272637199436497692024-02-19T00:55:28.759-05:00Team RubusResources for blackberry and raspberry growers, Extension Agents and others interested in growing and learning about the genus RubusUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger336125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-55977168561399114512023-11-16T13:04:00.002-05:002023-11-16T13:04:52.768-05:00NARBA comes to North Carolina!<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgS_Wrd-Td3iwCfniockqmiTy7x329-EsjHbKLecAbM7IGzTcwVSltlwnYdwX4bvB3UrPLNJBLq0vNbeaNkH4UPYOnubbD5ozlAslPtTBizGRMLe9Fjbv2CihJ0g7fx-qCRr1KQjcPkM4usYKf370RToQWJp28vumNU5xNErdDNM1D9vN1rM6HG8VZi7l5/s185/NARBA_logo.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="185" data-original-width="155" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgS_Wrd-Td3iwCfniockqmiTy7x329-EsjHbKLecAbM7IGzTcwVSltlwnYdwX4bvB3UrPLNJBLq0vNbeaNkH4UPYOnubbD5ozlAslPtTBizGRMLe9Fjbv2CihJ0g7fx-qCRr1KQjcPkM4usYKf370RToQWJp28vumNU5xNErdDNM1D9vN1rM6HG8VZi7l5/s1600/NARBA_logo.gif" width="155" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="background-color: #fcfcfc; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">The 2024 NARBA Conference will be held in Wilmington, North Carolina on February 27th & 28th.</span></p><p style="background-color: #fcfcfc; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">We look forward to having you join us for 2 days of engaging research presentations, networking opportunities and local farm tours of the region. Conference registration & hotel room block will open in September 2023. Watch for more information and mark your calendars with these dates in 2024.</p><p style="background-color: #fcfcfc; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">We know that not everyone can travel and join us in person, so we will offer a partial conference virtual option. Further information for the virtual conference will be available in fall 2023.</p><p style="background-color: #fcfcfc; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Here is a <a href="https://www.raspberryblackberry.com/conference/2024-wilmington/#!event-register/2024/2/27/narba-2024-annual-conference-wilmington-north-carolina" target="_blank">link</a> for registration. </p>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-49995304701916122872023-10-06T15:30:00.000-04:002023-10-06T15:30:33.725-04:00Caneberry Pricing<div class="separator"><div style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><img alt="" class="custom-logo" decoding="async" height="217" sizes="(max-width: 120px) 100vw, 120px" src="https://www.raspberryblackberry.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2023-NARBA-logo-acronym-transparent-background-120x120.png" srcset="https://www.raspberryblackberry.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2023-NARBA-logo-acronym-transparent-background.png 1x, https://www.raspberryblackberry.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2023-NARBA-logo-acronym-transparent-background.png 2x" width="217" /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #191919;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #191919;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #191919;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The North American Raspberry & Blackberry Association (NARBA) is conducting a survey, in conjunction with the North Carolina State University, to learn more about caneberry pricing and retail strategies for 2023. Information collected in the survey will be used to gain a better understanding of the marketing, pricing, and sales strategies currently being used by caneberry producers across the United States and Canada. A report will be emailed to all participants if requested.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #191919;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="background-color: #fcfcfc; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The survey should only take around 10 minutes to complete. Participation is completely voluntary. Your responses will be recorded anonymously and no identifying personal information will be collected within the survey. You are free to refuse to participate in the research and to stop completing the survey at any time.</span></div><div style="background-color: #fcfcfc; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: var(--ast-global-color-4); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--ast-global-color-2); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">If you have any questions about the survey itself, please contact Dr. Tregeagle by email at </span><a href="mailto:tregeagle@ncsu.edu" style="box-shadow: none; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s linear 0s;">tregeagle@ncsu.edu</a><span style="background-color: var(--ast-global-color-4); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--ast-global-color-2); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"> or by phone at (919) 515-6091. In addition, you can contact the NC State IRB Office via email at </span><span style="background-color: var(--ast-global-color-4); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--ast-global-color-2); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"><a href="mailto:irb-director@ncsu.edu" style="background-color: transparent; box-shadow: none; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s linear 0s;">irb-director@ncsu.edu</a> or via phone at (919) 515-8754. You may also <a href="mailto:info@raspberryblackberry.com" style="background-color: transparent; box-shadow: none; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s linear 0s;">contact NARBA</a>.</span></div><h1 style="background-color: #fcfcfc; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: var(--ast-global-color-4); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--ast-global-color-2); font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"><a href="https://ncsu.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_1Bxoje7sMFr0Ike" target="_blank">Survey LINK</a></span></span></h1><div><span style="background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #191919; font-family: inherit;">This survey was last conducted in 2020 and was widely read and useful to growers and those of us in the public sector. Here is a <a href="https://rubus.ces.ncsu.edu/2020/08/2020-caneberry-pricing-survey-report/" target="_blank">link</a> to the 2020 report.</span></div></div>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-85457337286055663012023-04-18T16:46:00.000-04:002023-04-18T16:46:06.089-04:00Caneberry Production Guide NEW<p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMSAQwTttxr2F52NKiDilsZV91lesXrf6-zJX2yquJ4JUTEU2OU5nsj7z55uBmqbXOpetGSugIrqAm3rHqmgyDyTfa0BmnXE6uYNB0fo0wMyAWc_dAzLVxajlnn9YKav7Xe662LO7bfiMK6Ny7iCp06BhA9784Igth_hdbY_REVbEqE8gZIILWAKRQ0g/s3963/Figure%202.1.%20Blackberry%20cultivars%2011%20types%20(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1551" data-original-width="3963" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMSAQwTttxr2F52NKiDilsZV91lesXrf6-zJX2yquJ4JUTEU2OU5nsj7z55uBmqbXOpetGSugIrqAm3rHqmgyDyTfa0BmnXE6uYNB0fo0wMyAWc_dAzLVxajlnn9YKav7Xe662LO7bfiMK6Ny7iCp06BhA9784Igth_hdbY_REVbEqE8gZIILWAKRQ0g/w451-h176/Figure%202.1.%20Blackberry%20cultivars%2011%20types%20(2).jpg" width="451" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFPVewq9ALywdsFM8_hiHQYNaLC1VQE7jf8TELngoMhkoc7HLUO9uM9u1xlKwttXRxWaJgkplQ-ouKzYU-P61U-haBX4tqk6qlFJcSmGypxnxbLRz1ZJR62RltoB3m6JFZmT-TXXaScbrb_YF-hjIj1KS4LihNbDJF8HeT5dRGisnA0Xj6BU23AD_GpQ/s4032/Figure%201.4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFPVewq9ALywdsFM8_hiHQYNaLC1VQE7jf8TELngoMhkoc7HLUO9uM9u1xlKwttXRxWaJgkplQ-ouKzYU-P61U-haBX4tqk6qlFJcSmGypxnxbLRz1ZJR62RltoB3m6JFZmT-TXXaScbrb_YF-hjIj1KS4LihNbDJF8HeT5dRGisnA0Xj6BU23AD_GpQ/s320/Figure%201.4.JPG" width="240" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />We are thrilled to share a revised Southeast Regional Caneberry Production Guide. Follow this <a href="https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/southeast-regional-caneberry-production-guide" target="_blank">link</a> to the NC State Extension Rubus Portal for the complete guide. This version includes a new chapter on plant growth and an update on fertility. Links to each chapter are included below. A huge thanks to the co-authors Drs. Amanda McWhirt, Christine Bradish, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, and John Havlin. <p></p><ol start="1" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style-type: upper-roman; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/southeast-regional-caneberry-production-guide/introduction-2002" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1122cc; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Introduction</a><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 25px 11px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Types of Caneberries</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Growth Habit</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Fruiting Habit</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Thorniness</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Fruit Color (Raspberries)</li></ul></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><a href="http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/cultivars/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1122cc; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Cultivars</a></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><a href="http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/site-selection-1/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1122cc; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Site Selection</a><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 25px 11px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">General</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Blackberry</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Raspberry</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Row Orientation</li></ul></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><a href="http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/site-preparation-planting-and-establishment" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1122cc; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Site Preparation, Planting, and Establishment</a><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 25px 11px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Site Preparation</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Soil Tests</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Nematode Tests</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Planting</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Establishment<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 25px 10.4844px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Spacing – Blackberry</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Spacing – Raspberry</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Alleys</li></ul></li></ul></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><a href="http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/plant-growth/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1122cc; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Plant Growth</a><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 25px 11px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">General</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Floricane-Fruiting Blackberries and Raspberries</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Primocane-Fruiting Raspberries and Blackberries</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Lifecycle through the Seasons</li></ul></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><a href="http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/pruning-and-training/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1122cc; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Pruning and Training</a><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 25px 11px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">General</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Erect Floricane-Fruiting Blackberries</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Semi-Erect and Trailing Floricane-Fruiting Blackberries</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Primocane-Fruiting Blackberries (Single or Double Cropped)</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Floricane-Fruiting Raspberries</li></ul></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><a href="http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/trellis-systems/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1122cc; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Trellis Systems</a><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 25px 11px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">I-Trellis (Hedgerow)</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">V-Trellis (with Metal T-Posts)</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">T-Trellis</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Moveable Trellises</li></ul></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><a href="http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/tunnel-production/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1122cc; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Tunnel Production</a></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><a href="http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/water-management/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1122cc; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Water Management</a><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 25px 11px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">General</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Trickle/Drip Irrigation</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Mulching</li></ul></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><a href="http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/integrated-pest-management-and-pollination" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1122cc; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Integrated Pest Management and Pollination</a></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><a href="http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/fertility-management" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1122cc; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Fertility Management</a><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 25px 11px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">General</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Blackberry Fertilization</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Raspberry Fertilization</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Leaf Analysis</li></ul></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><a href="http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/fruit-development/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1122cc; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Fruit Development</a><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 25px 11px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">General</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Blackberry</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Raspberry</li></ul></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><a href="http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/harvesting-and-postharvest-management" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1122cc; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Harvesting and Postharvest Management</a><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 25px 11px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">General</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Blackberry</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;">Raspberry</li></ul></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><a href="https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/southeast-regional-caneberry-production-guide/food-safety-considerations-for-caneberry-production" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1122cc; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Food Safety Considerations for Caneberry Production</a></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><a href="http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/southeast-regional-caneberry-production-guide#references" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1122cc; overflow-wrap: break-word;">References</a></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 10px;"><a href="http://content.ces.ncsu.edu/southeast-regional-caneberry-production-guide#acknowledgements" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1122cc; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Acknowledgements</a></li></ol>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-2542167678357515222022-05-19T09:12:00.001-04:002022-05-19T09:12:40.791-04:00BOLO (Be on the Lookout) for Orange Rust<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVTzMKH3KdG_FLEkFra-oY-S7LQpuhyT7Vm2EkqHX7zSNkLmG_S4q_-HjEUWvKNSwMOaw4bNUJL2L5saYgBChqe_7anQDpjlZ8_SsgLp_TkuiKxWsi5fTRa_swyEMlKg_n8GQrUolx88LfJ0BD5WSt7tM5pOlJuLizscyuNkrscy-QI3Scon_U8s5Wyw/s640/orange%20rust.JPG" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" height="320" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVTzMKH3KdG_FLEkFra-oY-S7LQpuhyT7Vm2EkqHX7zSNkLmG_S4q_-HjEUWvKNSwMOaw4bNUJL2L5saYgBChqe_7anQDpjlZ8_SsgLp_TkuiKxWsi5fTRa_swyEMlKg_n8GQrUolx88LfJ0BD5WSt7tM5pOlJuLizscyuNkrscy-QI3Scon_U8s5Wyw/s320/orange%20rust.JPG"/></a></div>
Sara Villani has posted a BOLO for orange rust on the CES Rubus Portal:
<a href="https://rubus.ces.ncsu.edu/2022/05/bolo-for-orange-rust/" target="_blank">https://rubus.ces.ncsu.edu/2022/05/bolo-for-orange-rust/</a>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-75959437006310232022022-05-01T15:18:00.002-04:002022-05-06T11:57:18.086-04:00Black spots on rasberry fruit grown in tunnels<p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7HbAHG0lNhukMc5-d_GQVo4CnfAb36e2z6R792f5x7wsdS39c3gLiloRWgCcppzh2XVGDipyb_V1myEqwOa1eJJwtNfuN3PlON2C4UOnfkZ6oC9WYwkY1KGFZL8zmuUqtKQ7HNWRyqijIKr2Z6EyGAYxxwfOAnRmzoQL51xuuO8CP2dnNSJ-BYq9ztg/s2016/IMG_6819.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2016" data-original-width="1512" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7HbAHG0lNhukMc5-d_GQVo4CnfAb36e2z6R792f5x7wsdS39c3gLiloRWgCcppzh2XVGDipyb_V1myEqwOa1eJJwtNfuN3PlON2C4UOnfkZ6oC9WYwkY1KGFZL8zmuUqtKQ7HNWRyqijIKr2Z6EyGAYxxwfOAnRmzoQL51xuuO8CP2dnNSJ-BYq9ztg/s320/IMG_6819.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Black spots on ripe raspberry fruit<br /></td></tr></tbody></table> </p><p>An agent recently sent me this image of raspberry fruit with black spots on them. The fruit was growing in a high tunnel. </p><p>We have seen this type of thing in the past and this is what we have gleaned from discussions with other tunnel scientists and lab reports:</p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Past pathology reports from labs in NC and SC have identified botrytis and cladosoprium on fruit with similar symptoms.</li><li>One current theory is that tunnels have high relative humidity and lower air circulation. When the flowers begin to turn to fruit, the petals land on the developing fruit and create an ideal tiny spot for diseases to start. </li><li>Suggestions for control would be to make sure there is good air circulation especially during petal fall.</li><li>Apply a fungicide during bloom/petal fall. Consult your state recommendations. </li></ul><p> </p><p><br /></p><br />Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-46662019927735001032022-02-14T12:03:00.001-05:002022-02-14T12:03:21.534-05:00Nursery List 2022 (courtesy of NARBA)<p>Below is a nursery list compiled by the North American Raspberry and Blackberry Association. I am also providing a PDF link.<br /></p><p><a href="https://raspberryblackberry.com/wp-content/uploads/2021-2022-Caneberry-Nursery-List.pdf">https://raspberryblackberry.com/wp-content/uploads/2021-2022-Caneberry-Nursery-List.pdf </a><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXzmyv47KPoukYBNjFaT2sgWJ7Qu2hYGwZSzEbzmIdTEae5o6DsQG0X4tfz7qQBImZ8moz4ar3RuihxCHFMGpuuje5PEwoAPt5cah761oyxhWtcgyCjFfU5MTGryuhzis28yGZQPaLlPu7d2SoVOii8EC7Qz4LSnFgpxCsW5W-VhPzjRqVXMH8uJQzhg=s792" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="792" data-original-width="612" height="503" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXzmyv47KPoukYBNjFaT2sgWJ7Qu2hYGwZSzEbzmIdTEae5o6DsQG0X4tfz7qQBImZ8moz4ar3RuihxCHFMGpuuje5PEwoAPt5cah761oyxhWtcgyCjFfU5MTGryuhzis28yGZQPaLlPu7d2SoVOii8EC7Qz4LSnFgpxCsW5W-VhPzjRqVXMH8uJQzhg=w388-h503" width="388" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgI2mB3RekX-enF09vvCmOZwbWGe6H-f500RX2VM2_PNu8kS0kFRJJ-JBVpr7knW0k6ZxnWE2FxoZhkd6ZVu_-qfYBpe60ZtJEsW4rb7ejMnO_yJquuzdCNOyB2ZOiJpaLzmfbvfEvv1S1ZfG2n1UTmQ_-cU6t_tHWT_5okS8amFCdK-XkzUvXZ4AKtCQ=s792" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="792" data-original-width="612" height="498" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgI2mB3RekX-enF09vvCmOZwbWGe6H-f500RX2VM2_PNu8kS0kFRJJ-JBVpr7knW0k6ZxnWE2FxoZhkd6ZVu_-qfYBpe60ZtJEsW4rb7ejMnO_yJquuzdCNOyB2ZOiJpaLzmfbvfEvv1S1ZfG2n1UTmQ_-cU6t_tHWT_5okS8amFCdK-XkzUvXZ4AKtCQ=w386-h498" width="386" /></a></div><br />Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-45673949481874572782022-02-10T12:52:00.000-05:002022-02-10T12:52:10.512-05:00Fusarium Wilt, an emerging disease in southeastern NC blackberry fields<p>Bill Cline has recently posted a Plant Disease Factsheet on Fusarium Wilt in blackberry. This has so far only been seen in southeastern NC. </p><p> Here is the first paragraph, see link for more information. <br /></p><p><span><span>"Fusarium wilt is an emerging disease of blackberry in commercial plantings in southeastern North Carolina. Fungi in the genus <em>Fusarium</em> are known to cause wilt diseases on plant hosts worldwide. <em>Fusarium</em>
species are often host-specific, attacking only a single host species
or group. Examples in North Carolina include wilts of blackberry,
tomato, eggplant, pepper, watermelon, soybean and ornamentals. The
pathogen is soil borne and can survive for years in infested soils."</span></span> <br /></p><p><a href="https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/fusarium-wilt-of-blackberry">https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/fusarium-wilt-of-blackberry</a><br /></p>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-2408902473816564802022-01-21T13:08:00.003-05:002022-01-21T13:08:45.645-05:00Blackberry Pruning Videos<p> </p><p style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjjAy0885QMscc6Gm_PXGDOYGAiEboWtc3ZTZ7AvnMkquVg91-xZ7drfAUx6fVtifxhZskF-8l0W353KoCPZyD5IWrH28tF5nBhzpnLyu_zxqWfxAQuQzxvxpbNi_hppjGAMxJ2TYTM545jfofbXo6dmXrR7i8ia_f49bZ7FYaXOxSmt8aNrOb7URwhRw=s2540" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1384" data-original-width="2540" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjjAy0885QMscc6Gm_PXGDOYGAiEboWtc3ZTZ7AvnMkquVg91-xZ7drfAUx6fVtifxhZskF-8l0W353KoCPZyD5IWrH28tF5nBhzpnLyu_zxqWfxAQuQzxvxpbNi_hppjGAMxJ2TYTM545jfofbXo6dmXrR7i8ia_f49bZ7FYaXOxSmt8aNrOb7URwhRw=w465-h253" width="465" /></a></p><p><br />It is that time of year, at least it will be once the cold weather leaves us in the SEUS. It is time to start pruning your blackberries. <br /></p><p>Here are links to some blackberry pruning videos. <br /></p><p><a href="https://youtu.be/-OztOsj3jUw" target="_blank">NCSU Pruning blackberries video</a></p><p></p><p><a href="https://youtu.be/a69fnyJEuJ4" target="_blank">University of Arkansas blackberry pruning video </a><br /></p>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-56072944727091858752022-01-12T09:10:00.001-05:002022-01-12T09:10:51.576-05:00Winter caneberry checklist/chores<p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This checklist was originally developed for blackberry
growers in North Carolina. You may have to adjust your work activities either
earlier or later depending on your location. For more detailed information,
check the Southern Region Integrated Bramble Management Guide and the Southeast
Regional Bramble Production Guide at: Link to SRSFC </span><a href="https://smallfruits.org/ipm-production-guides/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Caneberry
IPM and Production Guides</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This list is intended as a general guide. However, it can be
used to guide you to think about what types of activities occur at various
times of the year. Check the items off as they get done. If you would like
other items to be added to this list, send them to me and I will add them next time.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">WINTER </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Plant growth and development</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Plant is not visibly growing
during the winter months although many blackberries will retain their
leaves through the winter</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some floral differentiation is
occurring in the flower buds (i.e. they are forming flowers)</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Low chilling cultivars can
break bud in January after adequate winter chilling. See previous blog post for more information. </span><a href="https://climate.ncsu.edu/tools/agriculture"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Developmental stages at this time of year as mentioned in
the </span><a href="https://smallfruits.org/files/2020/12/2021-Caneberry-Spray-Guide.pdf">2021
Southeast Regional Caneberries Integrated Management Guide</a> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">are
: 1. Dormant 2. Delayed dormant (swollen bud) to green tip.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pruning and trellising</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pruning should occur in late
winter. However, in some areas winter ice storms can do tremendous
damage to plants and trellis systems. If you produce blackberries in one
of these areas, pruning can take place early winter to help avoid severe
damage.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pruning and training videos can
be found at:</span></li><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a69fnyJEuJ4&feature=youtu.be"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">University
of Arkansas Winter Blackberry Pruning</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OztOsj3jUw&feature=youtu.be"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NC
State University Blackberry Pruning</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li></ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Make trellis repairs after
plants have defoliated but before pruning and training.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If you have a Rotating Arm
Trellis, lay the canes to the ground. If you are in a colder region, have
row covers available for protection from cold temperatures. </span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Erect types</span></li><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prune out the spent floricanes</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cut lateral branches back to 12-18”</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tie or weave canes to lower
and upper wires</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thin canes to 4-8 canes/ hill
(4 ft spacing)</span></li></ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Trailing types</span></li><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prune out spent floricanes</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tie or weave canes to wire so
that they do not overlap</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prune side laterals to 12-18”</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thin canes to 6-8 hill (6-8 ft
spacing)</span></li></ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Primocane fruiting raspberries
and blackberries</span></li><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prune (mow) primocane fruiting
types to ground level</span></li></ul></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Weed control</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Check the </span><a href="https://smallfruits.org/files/2022/01/2022-Caneberry-Spray-Guide.pdf">2022
Southeast Regional Caneberries Integrated Management Guide</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">for recommendations.</span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Many summer weed problems can
be best managed in the fall and winter using preemergent herbicides.
Determine what weeds have been or could be a problem in your area. Check
with local extension agent for cultural or chemical means to control these
weeds.<b> </b></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Insect and disease scouting</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Check the </span><a href="https://smallfruits.org/files/2022/01/2022-Caneberry-Spray-Guide.pdf">2022
Southeast Regional Caneberries Integrated Management Guide</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for recommendations. </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Scout fields for insect and disease
damage and remove those canes</span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Remove wild blackberries and
raspberries by the roots if they are within 600 ft of your planting during
the winter </span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Winter
injury from cold</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Injury from cold temperatures can
occur to the canes and buds throughout the winter. Most often the damage occurs
in the spring after the winter chilling hours have accumulated. </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Review types of injury that can
occur to the canes and buds. One site for cold injury information is the </span><a href="https://teamrubus.blogspot.com/search?q=Cold+injury"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Team
Rubus Blog</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Planting</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Take soil tests to determine
fertility needs for spring plantings. </span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There are new raspberry and
blackberry cultivars available each year. If you have not tried them or it
is not known how they will do in your region, it is best to order a small
quantity to see how well they will perform in your area</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For larger growers, prepare
list of cultivars for 2023 plantings and order now. Smaller quantities of
plants can be ordered in early 2022 for spring planting.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nursery lists can be found at:</span></li><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><a href="https://www.raspberryblackberry.com/wp-content/uploads/2020-2021-Caneberry-Nursery-List.pdf"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">North
American Raspberry and Blackberry Association </span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For a
comprehensive nursery list for all small fruits, see Cornells </span><a href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/berrynurseries/" title="Nursery Guide for Berry and Small Fruit Crops">Nursery Guide for
Berry and Small Fruit Crops</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li></ul></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Water management</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Make repairs to irrigation
system (check pumps, lines, etc)</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Plants generally do not need
supplemental water in winter </span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Marketing and miscellaneous</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333333; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Order containers for next
season</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333333; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Make contacts for selling fruit
next season</span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Attend grower meetings</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">North American Raspberry and Blackberry Association is hybrid
this year. For more information check here their </span><a href="https://www.raspberryblackberry.com/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">link</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.
Here is a brief summary of the meeting.</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: .5in;">This virtual conference February 21-24, 2022. </p>
<p style="margin-left: .5in;">A special seven-session virtual short course,
“Getting Started in Raspberries & Blackberries,” will be offered. It starts
Jan 31. See link above. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">North Carolina Commercial Blackberry and Raspberry
Association will be holding a meeting on Feb 4, 2022. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contact <a href="http://Daniel_Shires@ncsu.edu">Daniel_Shires@ncsu.edu</a>
or </span><a href="mailto:Karen_Blaedow@ncsu.edu"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Karen_Blaedow@ncsu.edu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-highlight: yellow;">Please check with
your local Extension service to learn of meetings in your state.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></p>
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{margin-bottom:0in;}</style></p>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-53111201437820863742022-01-03T17:33:00.001-05:002022-01-04T11:58:29.611-05:00New Chilling Model Website<p>The NC State Climate Office has updated their chilling model page. Here is the link and I have shown an example for Hendersonville NC for Jan 3, 2022 below. <br /></p><p><a href="https://products.climate.ncsu.edu/ag/chill-models/">https://products.climate.ncsu.edu/ag/chill-models/</a></p><p>First you select a model (I prefer the Warmund and Krumme) Model, it takes into account when the temperatures get warm.</p><p>The Yazetti and Clark model is also popular. <br /></p><p></p><p>
</p><div class="model_menu_label">Select Model(s):</div><p>
<input id="blueberry1" name="model_sel" type="checkbox" value="blueberry1" />
<label class="model_label" for="blueberry1" id="label_blueberry1" style="font-weight: normal;">
Blueberries (Mainland Model)</label>
<br />
<input id="blackberry1" name="model_sel" type="checkbox" value="blackberry1" />
<label class="model_label" for="blackberry1" id="label_blackberry1" style="font-weight: normal;">
Blackberries (Yazetti and Clark Model)</label>
<br />
<input id="blackberry2" name="model_sel" type="checkbox" value="blackberry2" />
<label class="model_label" for="blackberry2" id="label_blackberry2" style="font-weight: normal;">
Blackberries (0° to 7°C model with first incidence of -2.2°C)</label>
<br />
<input id="blackberry4" name="model_sel" type="checkbox" value="blackberry4" />
<label class="model_label" for="blackberry4" id="label_blackberry4" style="font-weight: bold;">
Blackberries (Modified Richardson Model)</label>
<br />
<input id="blackberry5" name="model_sel" type="checkbox" value="blackberry5" />
<label class="model_label" for="blackberry5" id="label_blackberry5" style="font-weight: normal;">
Blackberries (Warmund and Krumme)</label>
<br />
<input id="peaches1" name="model_sel" type="checkbox" value="peaches1" />
<label class="model_label" for="peaches1" id="label_peaches1" style="font-weight: normal;">
Peaches (Richardson Model)</label>
<br />
<input id="apples1" name="model_sel" type="checkbox" value="apples1" />
<label class="model_label" for="apples1" id="label_apples1" style="font-weight: normal;">
Apples (Shaltout and Unrath Model)</label>
<br />
<input id="model_7.2C" name="model_sel" type="checkbox" value="model_7.2C" />
<label class="model_label" for="model_7.2C" id="label_model_7.2C" style="font-weight: normal;">
7.2°C Model (45°F Model)</label><br />
<input id="model_0-7.2C" name="model_sel" type="checkbox" value="model_0-7.2C" />
<label class="model_label" for="model_0-7.2C" id="label_model_0-7.2C" style="font-weight: normal;">
0° to 7.2°C Model (32° to 45°F Model)</label></p><p><label class="model_label" for="model_0-7.2C" id="label_model_0-7.2C" style="font-weight: normal;"> </label></p><p><label class="model_label" for="model_0-7.2C" id="label_model_0-7.2C" style="font-weight: normal;">Then click on the map to a location that you want, here I chose Hendersonville, NC. </label><label class="model_label" for="model_0-7.2C" id="label_model_0-7.2C" style="font-weight: normal;"></label></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh1JEW_SEcRkl7_TWVmIbfkcEFsTzhksDfGTsNsRn8LIS-JgOdNXmIBD8DMgIWePkksCUfVBVlbUwMu2iDnCDclI5TWFGOiTPYfNgLR9pTaWjFpG93tu1zYiww-Fqbfa8RdaQg8Sy7QVHuNNrcuOctIqDu386Zz9qSB2Io2ipQbngoIGHPwFGY6nlDXaQ=s1204" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="1204" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh1JEW_SEcRkl7_TWVmIbfkcEFsTzhksDfGTsNsRn8LIS-JgOdNXmIBD8DMgIWePkksCUfVBVlbUwMu2iDnCDclI5TWFGOiTPYfNgLR9pTaWjFpG93tu1zYiww-Fqbfa8RdaQg8Sy7QVHuNNrcuOctIqDu386Zz9qSB2Io2ipQbngoIGHPwFGY6nlDXaQ=w485-h209" width="485" /></a></div><label class="model_label" for="model_0-7.2C" id="label_model_0-7.2C" style="font-weight: normal;">For Hendersonville Jan 3, 2022, there are 590 chilling hours. On the website, you can see how the chilling has accumulated over time. Late in December there were 621 but the warmer temperatures in the last few days there has been a loss of chilling at this (and probably many other locations). <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiPrYX_R_4PFyot4ZEiY064HcFm3waRtBsn0MZSzeg5qTcU2GLcn-cxY7SDmsRgF21ruWglqK5wpRtLPfR4wzlxXjT0CuoDezmjv6Cr2qSCJreLLjBcEeEhExXJTAinAV89EwJAshKHQqcjL9Ca2ZCsVXwHF_FDZ95J2yGRhw4bEghfnWNCo9AIf-vNag=s1184" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="679" data-original-width="1184" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiPrYX_R_4PFyot4ZEiY064HcFm3waRtBsn0MZSzeg5qTcU2GLcn-cxY7SDmsRgF21ruWglqK5wpRtLPfR4wzlxXjT0CuoDezmjv6Cr2qSCJreLLjBcEeEhExXJTAinAV89EwJAshKHQqcjL9Ca2ZCsVXwHF_FDZ95J2yGRhw4bEghfnWNCo9AIf-vNag=w389-h224" width="389" /></a></div><br />What does this mean? </label><p></p><p><label class="model_label" for="model_0-7.2C" id="label_model_0-7.2C" style="font-weight: normal;">Most fruit crops grown in NC require a period of cool weather before they break dormancy and start to grow. Most blackberries require 400-800 units of chilling. If they do not receive enough chilling you can see irregular bud break (this is common in southern GA, LA, AL, MS and FL). If they have received enough chilling, they will break bud when it is warm. Often times those buds that have started to emerge may get injured by late season cool weather. </label></p><p><label class="model_label" for="model_0-7.2C" id="label_model_0-7.2C" style="font-weight: normal;">So it is good to monitor what chilling has occurred in an area so you can match those units with the stage of your crop. </label></p><p><label class="model_label" for="model_0-7.2C" id="label_model_0-7.2C" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></label></p><p>There is also a handy tutorial if you want more informationn</p><a href="https://products.climate.ncsu.edu/ag/chill-models/#tutorial">https://products.climate.ncsu.edu/ag/chill-models/#tutorial</a><p><label class="model_label" for="model_0-7.2C" id="label_model_0-7.2C" style="font-weight: normal;"></label></p>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-80972473316381981022021-07-03T12:25:00.003-04:002021-07-03T12:27:58.540-04:00Blackberry Field Day 2021<p> </p><p>Save the date for the 2021 North Carolina Blackberry and Raspberry Association (NCCBRA) annual meeting. <br /></p><p>UPDATE: This event is free to NCCBRA members, but will be $20 for Non-Association Members. Event fees will be collected the morning of the event. </p><p>2021 NCCBRA annual membership dues are $50 per farm. If you have not already renewed your membership, dues will be collected on the day of the event for any unpaid members. These monies are vital to the continued success of the association and its members. Click the following link to download the <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/12jzlGbBd7iOuuBpLyBTTR3hss2toIbLM/view" target="_blank">NCCBRA membership form</a>. </p><p>Due to the fee change, if you would like to be removed from the registration, please send an email to Karen_Blaedow@ncsu.edu to indicate your preference to be removed. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD2ROXkPTyN1Vjn8Byp-qlAyEuR08onA006qIxPTuWO2znDfTjZb8aq5URYYu__1XQLOHscGWa0ca0q3xUGCt0T0p5J5LoY23KcJNqgE7IjvD8Z5oYbBMhPmPiC-QgRkwlShVtdiWzltaS/s1500/2021+Save+the+Date+Blackberry+Field+Day+UPDATE.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="1500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD2ROXkPTyN1Vjn8Byp-qlAyEuR08onA006qIxPTuWO2znDfTjZb8aq5URYYu__1XQLOHscGWa0ca0q3xUGCt0T0p5J5LoY23KcJNqgE7IjvD8Z5oYbBMhPmPiC-QgRkwlShVtdiWzltaS/s320/2021+Save+the+Date+Blackberry+Field+Day+UPDATE.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>
</p><br />Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-26578867934788398142021-06-30T12:58:00.002-04:002021-06-30T12:58:49.366-04:00Heat wave in PNW<p>The berry crop industry is experiencing some record heat in the Pacific Northwest. Here is a link to the industry supported newsletter with some updates.</p><p> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SRCQB4M9BkbEV5je1kv273ZajYIly-8p/view">Small Fruit Update, week 27, June 30, 2021kv273ZajYIly-8p/view</a></p><p> This is a free newsletter, you can subscribe here: </p><p><a href="NW Berry Foundation" target="_blank"> https://nwberryfoundation.org/small-fruit-update?mc_cid=8d07d2bab9&mc_eid=135f28c23e <br /></a></p><p><a href="NW Berry Foundation" target="_blank"> </a></p><p><br /></p>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-82814697085251794032021-04-23T11:02:00.002-04:002021-04-23T11:04:35.414-04:00Cold damage to blackberries 2021<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgs6jrhY8WYphczuaSSGpAaLygsiYNZ0G7tYqWiRMjWrXuC8W3UoXKRkkuv_zUOIgfi6DagKOlw9bW8tpZBMECkhcvZEA39nAKgQ9MTzg_kV90Fz4ApyUak0OPRTj5RpQ66eAuKfkNcwnc/s2016/cold+damage+Easter+weekend+2021+kings+mt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><img border="0" data-original-height="2016" data-original-width="1512" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgs6jrhY8WYphczuaSSGpAaLygsiYNZ0G7tYqWiRMjWrXuC8W3UoXKRkkuv_zUOIgfi6DagKOlw9bW8tpZBMECkhcvZEA39nAKgQ9MTzg_kV90Fz4ApyUak0OPRTj5RpQ66eAuKfkNcwnc/s320/cold+damage+Easter+weekend+2021+kings+mt.jpg" /></a></p><p><br />There are reports of cold damage that occured over Easter weekend and now again this week (April 22-23). </p><p>Over the weekend I visited a farm in western NC and saw that only the king (earliest to open/largest) flowers were injured, and mostly flowers on the upper portion of the canopy. The damage occurred over the Easter weekend. However, the plants were much more advanced this week, so there has been additional damage. I will be headed out that way next week to assess the situation. <br /></p><p>Here are some older blog posts to help you understand what to look for in the flowers and on the canes.</p><p><a href="https://teamrubus.blogspot.com/search?q=cold+damage" target="_blank"> https://teamrubus.blogspot.com/</a><a href="https://teamrubus.blogspot.com/search?q=cold+damage" target="_blank">cold damage</a>search?q=cold+damage <br /></p><p><br /></p>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-66347318038048810322021-03-26T10:38:00.002-04:002021-03-26T10:38:30.515-04:00Pest Management Strategic Plan for Blackberries<p>
</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-font-width: 95%;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKYLdXNb-o0CceWbw3aCOzkg_HNgWUtHC3YvNb-ywSPnmNhAG2UQIbe5yLBMLmwKk1ZlHjEgshqV1q_h_XFeOa3hNIYWElYL9kDAQO21lVY7T5eqWFck1ZyTpsTz3Avj8Xf3WoGX-rdT61/s2048/shift+trellis+von+ripe.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKYLdXNb-o0CceWbw3aCOzkg_HNgWUtHC3YvNb-ywSPnmNhAG2UQIbe5yLBMLmwKk1ZlHjEgshqV1q_h_XFeOa3hNIYWElYL9kDAQO21lVY7T5eqWFck1ZyTpsTz3Avj8Xf3WoGX-rdT61/s320/shift+trellis+von+ripe.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Von blackberry<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span>In January 2020, thirty-one University Extension Specialists, IR-4
field research director and growers from the southern US met in
Savannah, GA to develop a Pest Management Strategic Plan (PMSP) for
blackberries. This PMSP is targeted for the states of Alabama, Arkansas,
Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee and Virginia. These states are all members of the Southern
Region Small Fruit Consortium (SRSFC). The development of this PMSP fits well into the mission of the SRSFC, which is to
develop collaborative efforts at various sites across the region between
small fruit growers and grower organizations, industries and service
organizations allied with and/or serving small fruit growers,
agricultural extension programs and research stations working together
to enhance the development of the small fruit industries in the region.
The SRSFC university partners include Auburn University, University of
Arkansas, University of Georgia, Louisiana State University, Mississippi
State University, North Carolina State University, Clemson, University
of Tennessee and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.</p>
<p>The goal of this
workshop was to develop a comprehensive list of pests (insect/mite,
pathogen/nematode, weeds, and vertebrate/wildlife) and the known
biological, chemical and cultural current control mechanisms for the
pests. The attendees of the meeting developed lists of regulatory and
research priorities in the following categories, cultural,
insects/mites, weeds and diseases. The priorities are: 1) Regulatory:
Expansion to include registration of the herbicide Halosulfuron-methyl
(Sandia) label, 2) Research: fungicide resistance management for
multiple diseases, 3) Research/Regulatory, Spotted Wing Drosophila
management (additional modes of action, insecticide with shorter PHI,
resistance management), 4) Research: cultural practiced to reduce labor
and increase efficiency and 5) Research: bridge the gap of floricane and
primocane fruiting seasons with new varieties or cultural practices.
Grower input was essential in developing this PMSP and with their help
and guidance, we feel this report represents the current challenges and
needs of the southern blackberry industry.</p>
<p>The timelines developed for this PMSP took into consideration
blackberry production in all of the states listed above. Collectively
these states encompass a wide geographic range from the gulf coast to
the mid Atlantic. Therefore production practices, crop phenology, pest
occurrence and pest control will vary depending on a specific site and
occur over an extended period of time.<br /></p><p> Crop Profile for NC:<br /></p><div><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/source_report.cfm?view%3Dyes%26sourceid%3D1382&source=gmail&ust=1616853051737000&usg=AFQjCNE8ZKhcgJoBM0qrSLQLe1dJsRD2Ag" href="https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/source_report.cfm?view=yes&sourceid=1382" target="_blank">https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.<wbr></wbr>org/source_report.cfm?view=<wbr></wbr>yes&sourceid=1382</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>PMSP for all states in the SRSFC:</div><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/source_report.cfm?view%3Dyes%26sourceid%3D1444&source=gmail&ust=1616853051737000&usg=AFQjCNHdrhimPIj0kntzcAOkoZRLTNQfwQ" href="https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/source_report.cfm?view=yes&sourceid=1444" target="_blank">https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.<wbr></wbr>org/source_report.cfm?view=<wbr></wbr>yes&sourceid=1444</a><p> </p>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-17043276223240542412021-03-15T09:40:00.006-04:002021-03-15T10:34:51.236-04:00Blackberry budbreak in our research trial<p dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-fe3043c0-7fff-28b2-a546-8740d0a56047" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pairwise Collaborative Phenotyping Trial of </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Rubus</span></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Piedmont Research Station, Salisbury NC</span></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Katelyn Sheehan-Lust, Graduate Student, Small Fruit Breeding Program</span></span></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">North Carolina State University in collaboration with other public berry breeders at Cornell University, University of Arkansas, University of British Columbia/BC Berry Cultivar Development Inc., and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-OR) have joined in a unique partnership with Pairwise, and Plant Sciences to uncover the genetic potential in Rubus. At each of the six collaborator locations (Fig 1), there are replicated trials of select Rubus cultivars, including Latham, Heritage, Chester, APF-45 (Prime-Ark </span><span style="background-color: #fdfdfd; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">®45)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, and Bristol. These cultivars are floricane-fruiting raspberry, primocane-fruiting raspberry, floricane-fruiting blackberry, primocane fruiting blackberry and floricane fruiting black raspberry respectively. These cultivars represent well known examples of raspberry, blackberry and black raspberry and display both fruiting habits (floricane and primocane). All the collaborators are phenotyping the same set of traits over the next growing season in order to understand how these cultivars perform across a range of environments.</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /><span face="Calibri,sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"></span><span face="Calibri,sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"></span></p><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="border: medium none; display: inline-block; height: 226px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; overflow: hidden; width: 401px;"><img height="208" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/Gczp7rTzRqeKMY82b7mK8dF7k6A-yajX1w3OiKrsPH_5fuW1sYmHjlK58E1a7Qy7e7h7EFrZqEeyUNq7IcfckLaO2BELxs8gJyySooEfvQhJjq2Ib9Zq0Di8TXMMzg=w369-h208" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="369" /></span></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span face="Calibri,sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Figure 1. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Collaborators maintain six planting locations distributed across North America.</span></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">My task as a graduate student will be to analyze the data from all the sites. We will be collecting data on a large number of traits over this growing season on plant and fruit characteristics. Here is a glimpse of the data from NC. Since we are one of the sites furthest south, one of the first traits to collect is vegetative bud break. Before the season started, I was not at all clear on what budbreak would look like. However, observing the development closely has been enlightening. </span></span></p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The blackberries have started to awake from their winter dormancy ahead of the raspberries. For the past few weeks we had observed vegetative buds were swollen and small amounts of green have started to emerge at the tips of the buds. This indicated active vegetative growth had started. Photographically recording the subtle differences in growth over time tells a better story (Fig 2). Although the buds have been swollen and showing small amounts of green, some varieties have yet to develop much beyond that point. Comparing APF-45 and Chester Thornless shows this best. </span></span></p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">APF-45 and Chester both had buds at a similar development stage in mid February (2/17/20), but by the following week there were some small but notable differences (2/25/21). The third visit in early March (3/10/21) clearly shows the difference between these two cultivars. Chester has a few buds with slightly more vegetative growth protruding than the previous evaluation, but many buds remain swollen with minimal green tissue visible. APF-45 has continued to develop, and a majority of buds on the top third of canes have vegetation emerging that is longer than an inch or approximately 3cm in length. Determining the date of vegetative bud break using the threshold of 3cm of protruding vegetative tissue gives a better indication of the start of active growth. </span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></span><br /></p><p style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="border: medium none; clear: left; display: inline-block; float: left; height: 276px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; overflow: hidden; width: 284px;"><img height="190" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/AYjz7jZllvStma84NZBfRPAW7sbvm9aTv46Zw6hjM1C9bxNv4SL1G1ia4KaIZ3-QTbJITObS-eZlPRe7bR8xSalbdgbskO1js3H0q4YRZ3qt-_J7otjK2En8wv8Lhw=w196-h190" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="196" /></span><span face="Calibri,sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><span style="border: medium none; display: inline-block; height: 276px; overflow: hidden; width: 285px;"><img height="191" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/lZ5KTaSBYpbFyKjSjLp9U4tAWs9HWtzGJ_88xxsGfXlbra0P-vLnfh79xlSt1vseZh9RE2TqLytBM2ogccO0N1kr4DN8hSu1oxOnvBR6E082HhQJt1ucUKAODzXBvw=w210-h191" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="210" /></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Figure 2.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Development of vegetative buds for blackberry cultivars ‘Chester Thornless’ (left) and ‘Prime-Ark 45’ (right) from mid-February to early March. Vegetative buds are circled in white. Bisected buds on 2/17 and 2/25 allow us to see internal development and check for potential frost damage, which there was none.</span></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span face="Calibri,sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><span style="border: medium none; display: inline-block; height: 278px; overflow: hidden; width: 370px;"><img height="278" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/xRVg-txIR59T048OH-ndyMCzlME9s7CqcJPCka76XOs2P7XmqF2MHg-UVdqoLyUca8sM_gUOHR5s-PCnI3dheNatlX83ERis8XfNVngLTjYx_RHOioKt-xBD-flkjA" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" width="370" /></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Calibri,sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span face="Calibri,sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span face="Calibri,sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span face="Calibri,sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"> Figure 3. Data collection in NCSU plots on 2/25/21. </span></span></p>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-35637236249485999732021-01-22T13:47:00.006-05:002021-04-05T11:28:23.007-04:00NC Blackberry and Raspberry Association Zoom meetings<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAxTsUUV62unK4fD7EDhZh6Kp0rMcHiYsp-uC1xsgXtthQUxDcO3t81kteux1I8tIv3ezgl3WRUUVq4NEx6QTMvAh0rIddyx60eGO-qa1Df336MkwRWj6kMPMeGEmzXtD0Dugdp6jfDeeA/s2048/IMG_2030.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAxTsUUV62unK4fD7EDhZh6Kp0rMcHiYsp-uC1xsgXtthQUxDcO3t81kteux1I8tIv3ezgl3WRUUVq4NEx6QTMvAh0rIddyx60eGO-qa1Df336MkwRWj6kMPMeGEmzXtD0Dugdp6jfDeeA/s320/IMG_2030.jpeg" /></a></div><br />The NC Blackberry and Raspberry Association is holding a series of Zoom meetings this spring. The live version of the meetings are for members of the organization. However, the recorded sessions will be added to the Team Rubus Blog as well as <a href="https://rubus.ces.ncsu.edu/" target="_blank">Blackberry and Raspberry Information Portal </a>at NCSU. <p></p><p></p><p>Here are the topics and links to those talks are posted when they become available. Click on the LINK and title to load the talk in a new window. <br /></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt;">January 21, 2021 (9-10AM): </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt;">Dr. Gina Fernandez: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSTXcUA8R_g&feature=youtu.be" target="_blank">LINK: Update on USDA/Finn <span id="m_7477302834375301778:us8.9">Cultivar</span> Trial and
NC State Breeding Program </a>Material & Dr. Tom <span id="m_7477302834375301778:us8.10">Kon</span>: <a href="https://youtu.be/KZbRQDSZFLM" target="_blank">LINK: Overview of Upcoming <span id="m_7477302834375301778:us8.11">PGR</span>
Trials and Grower Input on Future Research</a>. <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt;">February 18, 2021 (9-10AM):</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt;"> Wayne <span id="m_7477302834375301778:us8.15">Mitchem</span>: <a href="https://youtu.be/0oRURehEUuA" target="_blank">Spring Weed Management and <span id="m_7477302834375301778:us8.16">Oryzalin</span> Availability/Alternatives</a> & Dr. Hannah <span id="m_7477302834375301778:us8.17">Burrack</span>: <a href="https://youtu.be/9vlf2SfFark" target="_blank"><span id="m_7477302834375301778:us8.18">SWD</span> Pruning Work and Broad
Mite Update</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt;">March 18, 2021 (9-10AM):</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt;"> Dr. Sara <span id="m_7477302834375301778:us8.23">Villani</span>: 2020 Mysterious Cane <span id="m_7477302834375301778:us8.24">Dieback</span>
Information & <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VLwnuTkUUZ8" target="_blank">Elena Rogers: <span id="m_7477302834375301778:us8.25">Caneberry</span> Food Safety Updates</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-43440964875349792172021-01-20T10:10:00.003-05:002021-01-20T10:10:41.576-05:00Pacific Northwest Small Fruit Update<p> </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiES-wqJA3kkoGcaxOIRl99lc7lsGQ17L6l7LMjcLRjPJTj1e9kUa_dj2FBWv2HE0Q4d7VGtYyUSPKSYLZ9cKJafU7ZU1Rv-s09SzhRU2enpH670GKRDbirIb7fEhbKpl-RlvtSbcoe9m4k/s1127/Small+fruit+update+PNW.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="756" data-original-width="1127" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiES-wqJA3kkoGcaxOIRl99lc7lsGQ17L6l7LMjcLRjPJTj1e9kUa_dj2FBWv2HE0Q4d7VGtYyUSPKSYLZ9cKJafU7ZU1Rv-s09SzhRU2enpH670GKRDbirIb7fEhbKpl-RlvtSbcoe9m4k/s320/Small+fruit+update+PNW.png" width="320" /></a></div><br />FYI, the Northwest Berry Foundation produces a great newsletter that includes industry news (and more). They report on news that is focused on their industry, however, some of the topics are of interest to all small fruit growers. I encourage you to check them out at the link below. You will need to subscribe to this free newsletter, just follow the links. <p></p><p><a href="Industry news (and more) from the Northwest Berry Foundation, sponsored by your regional berry commissions & councils. " target="_blank">https://nwberryfoundation.org/small-fruit-update</a></p><p> Here are some of the topics in the most recent newsletter:</p><p></p><h2 class="null" style="color: #303030 !important; display: block; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: -.75px; line-height: 125%; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 20px;"><strong>Featured Links</strong></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica neue,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.producebluebook.com/2021/01/18/mexican-blueberries-gain-u-s-market-share/&source=gmail&ust=1611176227268000&usg=AFQjCNFtN1zOv4fG0rPoscllOhLJZlUYdg" href="https://www.producebluebook.com/2021/01/18/mexican-blueberries-gain-u-s-market-share/" style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; color: #1c1cdf; font-weight: normal; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">Mexican blueberries gain U.S. market share</a> (1/18, Blue Book Services)<br />
<br />
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://mymarketnews.ams.usda.gov/viewReport/3466&source=gmail&ust=1611176227269000&usg=AFQjCNH3GS_TO6blOQFj03QiOlwIwnF1cw" href="https://mymarketnews.ams.usda.gov/viewReport/3466" style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; color: #1c1cdf; font-weight: normal; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">USDA establishes weekly report to highlight seasonal & perishable product trends</a> (1/11, Fresh Fruit Portal)<br />
<br />
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.freshfruitportal.com/news/2021/01/12/agronometrics-in-charts-blueberry-coalition-publishes-economic-analysis-in-response-to-itc-investigation/&source=gmail&ust=1611176227269000&usg=AFQjCNE055L65F_Rj5XMuCCzrYAEWTNxsQ" href="https://www.freshfruitportal.com/news/2021/01/12/agronometrics-in-charts-blueberry-coalition-publishes-economic-analysis-in-response-to-itc-investigation/" style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; color: #1c1cdf; font-weight: normal; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">Agronometrics in Charts: Blueberry Coalition publishes analysis in response to ITC investigation</a> (1/12, Fresh Fruit Portal)<br />
<br />
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://wastatedeptag.blogspot.com/2020/12/wasp.html&source=gmail&ust=1611176227269000&usg=AFQjCNEaDPl09spTPmNbfWGQdgcDik8Jag" href="https://wastatedeptag.blogspot.com/2020/12/wasp.html" style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; color: #1c1cdf; font-weight: normal; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">Parasitic wasp that kills SWD discovered in Asian giant hornet trap</a> (12/14,WSDA)<br />
<br />
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.capitalpress.com/ag_sectors/research/new-osu-program-first-in-nation-to-tackle-statewide-native-bee-inventory/article_34e826fe-514d-11eb-918b-e7de8644ec7b.html%23utm_source%3Dtown_news%26utm_campaign%3Ddaily-capital-press-newsletter%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_content%3Dheadline&source=gmail&ust=1611176227269000&usg=AFQjCNH3GpFriU5HGC5FXHyDa4XhUhwWvA" href="https://www.capitalpress.com/ag_sectors/research/new-osu-program-first-in-nation-to-tackle-statewide-native-bee-inventory/article_34e826fe-514d-11eb-918b-e7de8644ec7b.html#utm_source=town_news&utm_campaign=daily-capital-press-newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_content=headline" style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; color: #1c1cdf; font-weight: normal; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">New OSU program first in nation to tackle statewide native bee inventory</a> (1/8, Capital Press)</span></span>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-59509712982208696452020-12-09T10:05:00.003-05:002021-04-09T15:08:29.564-04:00Winter Caneberry Checklist<p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGNq8LspopITSZvQ7EZaMRD4e_ABrmQh9VA67D2V1c6vUpluOTfP1RJxqLG6PG5vlo9Esh3evr0KdEcQXCX2N2juO0apelGHMRTypgJ7wzTFTCH35iotPrcTBAtlsrIEjdsJgh5nG2KKiL/s2048/2013+Der+Xiong+pruning+at+CEFS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGNq8LspopITSZvQ7EZaMRD4e_ABrmQh9VA67D2V1c6vUpluOTfP1RJxqLG6PG5vlo9Esh3evr0KdEcQXCX2N2juO0apelGHMRTypgJ7wzTFTCH35iotPrcTBAtlsrIEjdsJgh5nG2KKiL/s320/2013+Der+Xiong+pruning+at+CEFS.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /><b>Winter Caneberry Checklist 2020-21</b></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This checklist was originally developed for blackberry
growers in North Carolina. You may have to adjust your work activities either
earlier or later depending on your location. For more detailed information,
check the Southern Region Integrated Bramble Management Guide and the Southeast
Regional Bramble Production Guide at: Link to SRSFC </span><a href="https://smallfruits.org/ipm-production-guides/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Caneberry
IPM and Production Guides</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This list is intended as a general guide. However, it can be
used to guide you to think about what types of activities occur at various
times of the year. Check the items off as they get done. If you would like
other items to be added to this list, send them to me and I will add them next time.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">WINTER </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Plant growth and development</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Plant is not visibly growing
during the winter months although many blackberries will retain their
leaves through the winter</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some floral differentiation is
occurring in the flower buds (i.e. they are forming flowers)</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Low chilling cultivars can
break bud in January after adequate winter chilling. You can monitor
chilling hours accumulated in eight states in the eastern US by accessing
this site: </span><a href="https://climate.ncsu.edu/tools/agriculture"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
to Blackberry Chill Model</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Developmental stages at this time of year as mentioned in
the </span><a href="https://smallfruits.org/files/2020/12/2021-Caneberry-Spray-Guide.pdf">2021
Southeast Regional Caneberries Integrated Management Guide</a> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">are
: 1. Dormant 2. Delayed dormant (swollen bud) to green tip.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pruning and trellising</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pruning should occur in late
winter. However, in some areas winter ice storms can do tremendous
damage to plants and trellis systems. If you produce blackberries in one
of these areas, pruning can take place early winter to help avoid severe
damage.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pruning and training videos can
be found at:</span></li><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a69fnyJEuJ4&feature=youtu.be"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">University
of Arkansas Winter Blackberry Pruning</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OztOsj3jUw&feature=youtu.be"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NC
State University Blackberry Pruning</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li></ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Make trellis repairs after
plants have defoliated but before pruning and training.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If you have a Rotating Arm
Trellis, lay the canes to the ground. If you are in a colder region, have
row covers available for protection from cold temperatures. </span></li></ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;"><style>@font-face
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{margin-bottom:0in;}</style><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"></ul></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Erect types</span></li><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prune out the spent floricanes</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cut lateral branches back to 12-18”</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tie or weave canes to lower
and upper wires</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thin canes to 4-8 canes/ hill
(4 ft spacing)</span></li></ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Trailing types</span></li><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prune out spent floricanes</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tie or weave canes to wire so
that they do not overlap</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prune side laterals to 12-18”</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thin canes to 6-8 hill (6-8 ft
spacing)</span></li></ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Primocane fruiting raspberries
and blackberries</span></li><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prune (mow) primocane fruiting
types to ground level</span></li></ul></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Weed control</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Check the </span><a href="https://smallfruits.org/files/2020/12/2021-Caneberry-Spray-Guide.pdf">2021
Southeast Regional Caneberries Integrated Management Guide</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">for recommendations.</span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Many summer weed problems can
be best managed in the fall and winter using preemergent herbicides.
Determine what weeds have been or could be a problem in your area. Check
with local extension agent for cultural or chemical means to control these
weeds.<b> </b></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Insect and disease scouting</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Check the </span><a href="https://smallfruits.org/files/2020/12/2021-Caneberry-Spray-Guide.pdf">2021
Southeast Regional Caneberries Integrated Management Guide</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for recommendations. </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Scout fields for insect and disease
damage and remove those canes</span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Remove wild blackberries and
raspberries by the roots if they are within 600 ft of your planting during
the winter </span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Winter
injury from cold</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Injury from cold temperatures can
occur to the canes and buds throughout the winter. Most often the damage occurs
in the spring after the winter chilling hours have accumulated. </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Review types of injury that can
occur to the canes and buds. One site for cold injury information is the <a href="https://teamrubus.blogspot.com/search?q=Cold+injury">Team Rubus Blog</a>.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Planting</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Take soil tests to determine
fertility needs for spring plantings. </span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There are new raspberry and
blackberry cultivars available each year. If you have not tried them or it
is not known how they will do in your region, it is best to order a small
quantity to see how well they will perform in your area</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For larger growers, prepare
list of cultivars for 2022 plantings and order now. Smaller quantities of
plants can be ordered in early 2021 for spring planting.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nursery lists can be found at:</span></li><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><a href="https://www.raspberryblackberry.com/wp-content/uploads/2020-2021-Caneberry-Nursery-List.pdf"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">North
American Raspberry and Blackberry Association </span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For a
comprehensive nursery list for all small fruits, see Cornells </span><a href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/berrynurseries/" title="Nursery Guide for Berry and Small Fruit Crops">Nursery Guide for
Berry and Small Fruit Crops</a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li></ul></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Water management</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Make repairs to irrigation
system (check pumps, lines, etc)</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Plants generally do not need
supplemental water in winter </span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Marketing and miscellaneous</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333333; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Order containers for next
season</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333333; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Make contacts for selling fruit
next season</span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For more detailed
information, check the Southern Region Integrated Caneberry Management Guide
and the Southeast Regional Bramble Production Guide online version: </span><span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><a href="https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/southeast-regional-caneberry-production-guide"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/southeast-regional-caneberry-production-guide</span></a></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Or PDF version: </span><span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><a href="https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/show_ep3_pdf/1607523686/22996/">https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/show_ep3_pdf/1607523686/22996/</a></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Attend grower meetings</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">North American
Raspberry and Blackberry Association (virtual meeting in 2021)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://www.raspberryblackberry.com/">https://www.raspberryblackberry.com/</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SE Regional Fruit and Vegetable Conference (Savannah meeting is virtual in 2021)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"><a href="https://seregionalconference.org/"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">https://seregionalconference.org/</span></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"> <br /></p>
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ol
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ul
{margin-bottom:0in;}</style></p></div>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-72280269729795706572020-12-03T16:49:00.002-05:002020-12-03T16:49:26.606-05:00Blackberry V-Trellis Construction<p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Blackberry V-Trellis Construction</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">This short step-by-step guide is to help new growers build a V-trellis
for growing blackberries. The supplies needed and the steps to build the
trellis are included. This guide was developed by a tlaented group from NC Cooperative Extension (Nancy Power and Paige Burns), Sandhills Research Station (Jermy Martin) and the Sandhills AgInnovatoin Center (David Goodwin). Their contact information is at the end of this blog post. <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzm4TQIKyGO93slPRSuHD8DUzNNupFQRaCAyglFBs8GoyioMpOuU7vBqXsQmO0N7SPIg-m-uUqTZssRRGdH5vJJmDngGqM9KJ8N7PzOukow5xPq6LHsd_QjXwZ_cgU4xHBtQ4yiMtcVKwi/s2048/Figure+1+build+V+trellis..JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzm4TQIKyGO93slPRSuHD8DUzNNupFQRaCAyglFBs8GoyioMpOuU7vBqXsQmO0N7SPIg-m-uUqTZssRRGdH5vJJmDngGqM9KJ8N7PzOukow5xPq6LHsd_QjXwZ_cgU4xHBtQ4yiMtcVKwi/w480-h640/Figure+1+build+V+trellis..JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 1. Blackberry V-trellis with 30" board to keep T-posts separate. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Supplies: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"></span></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 236.65pt;" valign="top" width="316">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Item(s)</span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.6pt;" valign="top" width="146">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">unit cost </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">($)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.25pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">cost per 100’ row </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">(rounded to nearest $)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 236.65pt;" valign="top" width="316">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">two 8’
round, wooden end posts, 4” diameter</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.6pt;" valign="top" width="146">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">10</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.25pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>10</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 236.65pt;" valign="top" width="316">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">eight 6’
steel T-posts* </span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.6pt;" valign="top" width="146">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.25pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>40</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 236.65pt;" valign="top" width="316">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">400+
feet 12-gauge galvanized wire</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.6pt;" valign="top" width="146">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">$105/1000
ft</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.25pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>11</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 236.65pt;" valign="top" width="316">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">two 2 x
4 boards, 23-30” long</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.6pt;" valign="top" width="146">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">$10/10
ft</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.25pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 236.65pt;" valign="top" width="316">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">16 T-post
pin-lock insulators</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.6pt;" valign="top" width="146">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">$10/bag
of 25</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.25pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>7</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 236.65pt;" valign="top" width="316">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">2
gripples</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.6pt;" valign="top" width="146">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">$31/pack
of 20</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.25pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 236.65pt;" valign="top" width="316">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">floral
tape</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.6pt;" valign="top" width="146">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.25pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 236.65pt;" valign="top" width="316">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">4 galvanized
barbed staples or poultry staples</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.6pt;" valign="top" width="146">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">$4/bag
of 52</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.25pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 236.65pt;" valign="top" width="316">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">total cost per 100’ row</span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.6pt;" valign="top" width="146">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.25pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">$72</span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><style>
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</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Tools</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">:</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">100’
or longer measuring tape</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">spinning
jenny</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">gripple
tightening tool</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">pliers</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">post
pounder </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">tapener
</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">watering
can or water bottle or hose</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">shovel</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">hammer
or mallet</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">*If row is
100’ or less, T-posts can be up to 35’ apart in the row; if row is >100’,
25’ apart is the recommended maximum.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Procedures</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Wear
safety glasses, especially for hammering the posts and working with the wire.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">End
post (Figure 2).</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">At
each end of the row, insert an end post into ground about 6’ from the end berry
plant by one of the following methods:</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Pound post in with a pile driver</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>ii.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Dig or auger hole 3’ deep</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Insert
post and have one person hold it upright</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Add
a little soil to the hole</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Pound
soil in hole with the handle end of a shovel</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Add
a little water</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Repeat
the above three steps until the hole is full and packed in tightly (about four
rounds).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"><style>
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</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Q0AkIzsjG8RRZ31uaN_uXGlaFifaxYxxTgD6WOz5qfYS-uErVk6_wALLotJn6y41SQrZ-exjzAaIFwOhr6DW7rIC7jJ2NBBHfJcF6UEgldZTcG4-4oCjbLw3lRz2_WIzvZeI7HiPMRuK/s2048/Figure+2+build+V+trellis..JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Q0AkIzsjG8RRZ31uaN_uXGlaFifaxYxxTgD6WOz5qfYS-uErVk6_wALLotJn6y41SQrZ-exjzAaIFwOhr6DW7rIC7jJ2NBBHfJcF6UEgldZTcG4-4oCjbLw3lRz2_WIzvZeI7HiPMRuK/w480-h640/Figure+2+build+V+trellis..JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 2. Metal T-post brace hammered into wooden 8' end post. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Row
posts (Figure 3).</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Using
measuring tape, lay T-posts out at 25-35’ intervals, starting at 2’ beyond the
end plants (4’ in from end posts).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
the row is 100’ or shorter, the spacing can be up to 35’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the row is longer than 100’, a 25’ spacing
between posts is recommended.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Set
up a brace post (Figure 2):</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Insert a T-post in the ground about
16” in from the end post, with the base of the T facing the end post, angled so
that it the T-post extends past the end post.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>ii.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Pound the T-post into the ground at
an angle until the top is next to the end post.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>iii.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Push the top of the T-post so that
it is inside the end post.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>iv.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Use the side of the post pounder or
a mallet to pound the T edge into the wood.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -9.0pt; text-indent: -1.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>v.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Repeat for the other end post brace.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Use
the post pounder to insert the other T-posts 25-35 feet apart, in pairs, at a
20-30</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>angle so that each
pair makes a “V.” (See Figure 16a in </span><a href="https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/show_ep3_pdf/1604932460/22996/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Southeast Regional Caneberry
Production Guide</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">)</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Use
pliers to attach 2 insulators on the outside of each T-post, one at the 5<sup>th</sup>
notch down on the post, and one at the 16<sup>th</sup> notch (roughly at 4’ and
a man’s knee height), with the pin at the top.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Put the pin in the hole of each insulator.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Turn
the L-shaped rods inward on the spinning jenny and add a roll of 12-gauge fence
wire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Turn the L-rods back outward over
the wire.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Pull
on one end of the wire to wrap the wire around the outside of the end posts and
T-posts at knee level, threading the wire through the insulators as you go.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Where
the ends of wire meet, thread each end through the gripple, allowing for
“tails” on both ends of the wire.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Use
the gripple tool to ratchet the wire fairly tightly, but <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">not </b>as tightly as possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>After the posts set (in a few weeks), the wires can be tightened
further.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Insert
a 2x4 horizontally between the T-post pair at each end of the row.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Push the board down till it fits tightly
between the T-posts (Figure 1). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You may
want to size and cut the board after the rest of the trellis is assembled, to
make sure it fits. </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">j.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">At
the outside end of each end post, hammer a staple in far enough to hold the
wire in place vertically but to allow the wire to move horizontally for
tightening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyMnKbPl7F6mbz5807tEn1vbJPuH8A-x9bdFag6Qc8dateTH3CWVqPzrlpDB-mlpJjC36Kqd57hr6uukKaKPHygqt1z7WyAaRT8le3c9WiR6o_x1gMtnHzl6TzW3B2oWjUxp3GeO6c9Lkj/s2048/Figure+3+build+V+trellis.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyMnKbPl7F6mbz5807tEn1vbJPuH8A-x9bdFag6Qc8dateTH3CWVqPzrlpDB-mlpJjC36Kqd57hr6uukKaKPHygqt1z7WyAaRT8le3c9WiR6o_x1gMtnHzl6TzW3B2oWjUxp3GeO6c9Lkj/w400-h300/Figure+3+build+V+trellis.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 3. Pow posts: 6' metal T-posts with 12-guage wire running through black plastic insulators facing outward. </td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">If desired,
the lower wires can support ¼” irrigation hose.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">This construction guide was repared
by: </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Jeremy Martin</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">, Research Operations Manager,
Sandhills Research Station, 910-974-4673.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Nancy Power</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">, Commercial Horticulture Agent, NC
Cooperative Extension, Richmond County Center, 910-997-8255.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Davon Goodwin</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">, Manager, Sandhills AgInnovation
Center, 910-992-8176.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Paige Burns</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">, County Extension Director, NC
Cooperative Extension, Richmond County Center, 910-997-8255.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Reference:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">Fernandez, G.E</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;">., E. Garcia, D. Lockwood. 2016.
Southeast Caneberry Production Guide. AG-697. https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/show_ep3_pdf/1604932460/22996/</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-33089915036404366302020-10-09T16:00:00.003-04:002020-10-10T13:23:39.311-04:00New student, new study<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1aZzHfO-pmn37tkwZ6DjSPaen5_J40wGCdKuhnEd9o_ffWv_3HpoLyrV526FgbSMB5mgd7SLmtDEvCUR0pVUw6BIrdUPkFEbGgB0k_CX_PbrWPevdmCThce19KuerO6CyPXnPral2YEz7/s2048/Katie+Seehan-Lust.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1aZzHfO-pmn37tkwZ6DjSPaen5_J40wGCdKuhnEd9o_ffWv_3HpoLyrV526FgbSMB5mgd7SLmtDEvCUR0pVUw6BIrdUPkFEbGgB0k_CX_PbrWPevdmCThce19KuerO6CyPXnPral2YEz7/s320/Katie+Seehan-Lust.jpeg" /></a></div>Team Rubus has a new member, Katie Sheehan-Lust. Katie is from California and got her BS degree at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo (SLO). While at Cal Poly SLO she worked at the Strawberry Center with Dr. Gerald Holmes. After graduation she worked at Naturipe with Dr. Hillary Quinn Thomas, also working with strawberries. We are giving her a bit of switch in berry crops, she will be working on a Rubus project we have with Pairwise, Cornell, USDA-ARS Corvallis, the University of Arkansas and BC Berry Cultivar Development in Canada. <p></p><p></p><p>Katie traveled across the country to start a MS degree at NCSU, in the midst of a pandemic. We take that tenacity in the face of COVID as a good sign. Although classes are online and we don't get to see her everyday, we were able to go to the field and she jumped right into field work. Welcome Katie!<br /></p>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-76402415017336447942020-07-25T21:46:00.003-04:002020-07-25T21:47:41.837-04:00Help us help you part 2!<div style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
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This is a follow up survey on our May 2020 grower survey (results are <a href="https://strawberries.ces.ncsu.edu/2020/06/first-peak-how-did-covid-19-impact-nc-agriculture-in-may-2020/">here</a>). </div>
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Our goal is to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on specialty crop farming operations in NC as the season progresses and crops change. We are looking to survey all fruit growers, vegetable growers, flower/hemp/herb growers. </div>
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<a href="https://ncsu.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_8ddK3avU2RVOunb" style="color: blue; font-size: 13.3333px;" title="Click to open in a new window or tab
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https://ncsu.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_8ddK3avU2RVOunb">https://ncsu.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_8ddK3avU2RVOunb</a></div>
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The survey is anonymous and will take approx. 5-8 min. <b><u>The survey will be open until July 30, 2020.</u></b></div>
Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-39751053557352801242020-06-15T12:02:00.002-04:002020-06-16T09:53:45.396-04:00What causes red drupes?<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh48-OIJpvUN8wtderZiSfw1ynNkGdMx1BYuM9lHTIictumBAIoYV4_snYcj_-Mrwh5wg5zDtMyI5Loeko1O3vBpShs486EVm1vXXonXe0LN0vseTf8FBw4YiHP7FGHL-MiK1MY7RLZ6AV8/s1600/Red+drupe.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh48-OIJpvUN8wtderZiSfw1ynNkGdMx1BYuM9lHTIictumBAIoYV4_snYcj_-Mrwh5wg5zDtMyI5Loeko1O3vBpShs486EVm1vXXonXe0LN0vseTf8FBw4YiHP7FGHL-MiK1MY7RLZ6AV8/s320/Red+drupe.jpeg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Red drupe in Prime-Ark 45. Likely due to excessive rain, These drupes never turned black.</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Usually
all the drupelets on a ripe blackberry fruit are uniformly black. Sometimes the
fruit can have drupes that are white, tan or red. White and tan drupelets have
been discussed before (https://teamrubus.blogspot.com/search?q=white+drupelet). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
focus of this post is to discuss the occurrence of red drupes in blackberry
fruit. This reddening can occur <i>after</i> and <i>before </i>fruit is
harvested. There are several known causes of red drupes and some
conditions that are speculation. No matter what the cause, excessive amounts of
red drupes can result in rejection of fruit in wholesale markets. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">After
harvest</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Reversion.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
This is the most common cause of red drupes. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Symptoms.
Drupes are black at harvest and turn red after harvest. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What
is known. Research conducted by Max Edgley from the University of Tasmania
looked at several factors including nitrogen rates, physical damage during
harvest and transportation to the cooler, air temperatures during harvest, slow
or fast cooling of fruit after harvest. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "inherit" , serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Key Findings from the University of
Tasmania study:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "inherit" , serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Physical damage (bruising, impact and fruit
compression) during harvest and shipping is the main cause of red drupelet
disorder </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "inherit" , serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">High nitrogen fertigation during harvest can
significantly increase the amount of fruit with red drupelet disorder
post-harvest </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "inherit" , serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fruit core temperatures exceeding 23C (73F) at harvest
significantly increase the amount of red drupelet post-harvest </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "inherit" , serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Harvest times, techniques, and shipping conditions can
be manipulated to reduce incidence of red drupelet disorder </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "inherit" , serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A step-cooling process reducing the rate of cooling
post-harvest has been effective in reducing incidence of the disorder</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "inherit" , serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">They also found that early season fruit is more prone
to this disorder. </span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<a href="https://www.utas.edu.au/tia/research/research-projects/projects/red-drupelets-on-blackberries2" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">https://www.utas.edu.au/tia/research/research-projects/projects/red-drupelets-on-blackberries2</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<a href="https://www.utas.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/1110435/Blackberry-red-drupelet-fact-sheet-2017.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">https://www.utas.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/1110435/Blackberry-red-drupelet-fact-sheet-2017.pdf </span></a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Addedum from Alejandra Salgado (PhD U Ark): a weak cell wall can also cause reversion. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">See also blog post on red drupe reversion here: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://teamrubus.blogspot.com/search?q=white+drupelet" target="_blank">https://teamrubus.blogspot.com/search?q=white+drupelet </a></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://teamrubus.blogspot.com/search?q=white+drupelet" target="_blank"><br /></a></span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Before
harvest</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Redberry
mite. (Redberry disease).</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Symptoms.
Fruit that are infected with Redberry mites have drupes never turn black. Red
drupes are hard. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What
is known. The mites inject a toxin into the base of the drupelets and as a
result, the drupelets fail to develop normally. Redberry mites are
uncommon in the eastern United States. If you suspect they are the cause of red
drupelets, samples should be submitted to your local plant disease and insect
clinic for diagnosis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Here
is more information from:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Utah
State University.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2944&context=extension_curall">https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2944&context=extension_curall</a><br />
University of California </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<a href="http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/r71400111.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/r71400111.html </span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Excessive
rain. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Symptoms.
Red drupes are soft and never turn black. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What
is known. There have been reports of significant red drupelet in parts of NC
this year in fruit that are otherwise ripe and ready to harvest. Many, but
not all of the fields have tunnels over them. The cultivar Prime-Ark 45 is
seeing most of this disorder this season on the floricane crop. We cannot
confirm that the rain is causing the red drupes, it is just our best guess at
this time as the above (reversion and redberry mite) have been ruled out. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Viruses?
</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Red
drupes have not been identified as symptoms associated with viruses to the best
of our knowledge. </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Authors: Gina Fernandez, Hannah Burrack and Penny Perkins-Veazie and in consultation with multiple experts around the world. </span></div>
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{margin-bottom:0in;}</style>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-52065293749027596332020-06-10T19:40:00.004-04:002020-06-10T19:41:18.547-04:00University of Arkansas Summer Meeting June 11th 2020<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwt9NxyUtVtOL_TTt-0I2fBqk5re_23q4fFJCD0lQJfE3GJJGX1es2CQO2xpSgHFEYEXaATZFQzW9GkjKAaau9zZfdO5W89_H2GPVma0B-xBCy3d5vAYm6vlPBVjFExvEaIf8wSRMXQHkg/s1600/2020+Summer+Meeting+Flyer_+ARBGA.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="800" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwt9NxyUtVtOL_TTt-0I2fBqk5re_23q4fFJCD0lQJfE3GJJGX1es2CQO2xpSgHFEYEXaATZFQzW9GkjKAaau9zZfdO5W89_H2GPVma0B-xBCy3d5vAYm6vlPBVjFExvEaIf8wSRMXQHkg/s400/2020+Summer+Meeting+Flyer_+ARBGA.png" width="400" /></a></div>
Register here:<br />
<a href="https://uaex.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJMscO6hqDovGt2u97cZTCcBKlTgVGs0VgPC">https://uaex.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJMscO6hqDovGt2u97cZTCcBKlTgVGs0VgPC</a>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-73879191588195965962020-06-08T15:59:00.002-04:002020-06-18T20:59:25.787-04:00Caneberry survey on pricing and Covid-19 impacts<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRNVsYcDZCKrP8RWZPtcMyo72fVG8C6r4Anx9OyR__HgYO1zR5oRhO-TVCvDtFXeYthky-UzHYTeqQZDcNcuYOXTcw3jB89bpMv420CLiLGF6iB8O8wftem4CYlhLPCczKrizCSIaIroGA/s1600/NARBA_logo.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="185" data-original-width="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRNVsYcDZCKrP8RWZPtcMyo72fVG8C6r4Anx9OyR__HgYO1zR5oRhO-TVCvDtFXeYthky-UzHYTeqQZDcNcuYOXTcw3jB89bpMv420CLiLGF6iB8O8wftem4CYlhLPCczKrizCSIaIroGA/s1600/NARBA_logo.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><u style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666666984558105px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Help us help you</u></h2>
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<u style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14.666666984558105px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">The survey closes on Monday, June 22, 2020</u></h2>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The North American Raspberry and Blackberry Association
(NARBA), in collaboration with NC State University and the University of
Arkansas, is conducting its biennial pricing survey. Growers of caneberries
(raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids) in Canada and the U.S. will be asked
about prices they received across all distribution methods. This year,
additional questions have been added to capture the impact of COVID-19 on
caneberry prices and caneberry operations. All growers who had any caneberry
acreage in 2019 or 2020 are invited to participate: TAKE THE SURVEY The results
of the survey will help caneberry growers, and anyone considering growing
caneberries, better plan their pricing and production decisions in future
years. In addition, this data is useful to researchers and policymakers who
need accurate data about caneberry pricing trends in the North American
caneberry industry. Caneberry growers can participate in the online survey by
following this link. Survey results will be reported in the NARBA newsletter.
For more information about the survey, contact Daniel Tregeagle
(tregeagle@ncsu.edu or 919-515-6091). For more information about the North
American caneberry industry, contact NARBA Executive Secretary Debby Wechsler
(raspberryblackberry@gmail.com or 919-542-4037).<br />
<br />
Link to survey here:
<a href="https://covid19.ces.ncsu.edu/2020/06/2020-caneberry-survey-on-pricing-covid-19-impacts/">https://covid19.ces.ncsu.edu/2020/06/2020-caneberry-survey-on-pricing-covid-19-impacts/</a></span></div>
<a href="https://www.gurneys.com/product/sweet_repeat_raspberry" target="_blank">2020</a><style><!--
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<div style="left: -99999px; position: absolute;">
The North American
Raspberry and Blackberry Association (NARBA), in collaboration with NC
State University and the University of Arkansas, is conducting its
biennial pricing survey. Growers of caneberries (raspberries,
blackberries, and hybrids) in Canada and the U.S. will be asked about
prices they received across all distribution methods. This year,
additional questions have been added to capture the impact of COVID-19
on caneberry prices and caneberry operations.
All growers who had any caneberry acreage in 2019 or 2020 are invited to
participate:
TAKE THE SURVEY
The results of the survey will help caneberry growers, and anyone
considering growing caneberries, better plan their pricing and
production decisions in future years. In addition, this data is useful
to researchers and policymakers who need accurate data about caneberry
pricing trends in the North American caneberry industry.
Caneberry growers can participate in the online survey by following this
link. Survey results will be reported in the NARBA newsletter.
For more information about the survey, contact Daniel Tregeagle
(tregeagle@ncsu.edu or 919-515-6091). For more information about the
North American caneberry industry, contact NARBA Executive Secretary
Debby Wechsler (raspberryblackberry@gmail.com or 919-542-4037).
<br />
<br />
Read more at: https://covid19.ces.ncsu.edu/2020/06/2020-caneberry-survey-on-pricing-covid-19-impacts/</div>
<div style="left: -99999px; position: absolute;">
The North American
Raspberry and Blackberry Association (NARBA), in collaboration with NC
State University and the University of Arkansas, is conducting its
biennial pricing survey. Growers of caneberries (raspberries,
blackberries, and hybrids) in Canada and the U.S. will be asked about
prices they received across all distribution methods. This year,
additional questions have been added to capture the impact of COVID-19
on caneberry prices and caneberry operations.
All growers who had any caneberry acreage in 2019 or 2020 are invited to
participate:
TAKE THE SURVEY
The results of the survey will help caneberry growers, and anyone
considering growing caneberries, better plan their pricing and
production decisions in future years. In addition, this data is useful
to researchers and policymakers who need accurate data about caneberry
pricing trends in the North American caneberry industry.
Caneberry growers can participate in the online survey by following this
link. Survey results will be reported in the NARBA newsletter.
For more information about the survey, contact Daniel Tregeagle
(tregeagle@ncsu.edu or 919-515-6091). For more information about the
North American caneberry industry, contact NARBA Executive Secretary
Debby Wechsler (raspberryblackberry@gmail.com or 919-542-4037).
<br />
<br />
Read more at: https://covid19.ces.ncsu.edu/2020/06/2020-caneberry-survey-on-pricing-covid-19-impacts/</div>
<div style="left: -99999px; position: absolute;">
The North American
Raspberry and Blackberry Association (NARBA), in collaboration with NC
State University and the University of Arkansas, is conducting its
biennial pricing survey. Growers of caneberries (raspberries,
blackberries, and hybrids) in Canada and the U.S. will be asked about
prices they received across all distribution methods. This year,
additional questions have been added to capture the impact of COVID-19
on caneberry prices and caneberry operations.
All growers who had any caneberry acreage in 2019 or 2020 are invited to
participate:
TAKE THE SURVEY
The results of the survey will help caneberry growers, and anyone
considering growing caneberries, better plan their pricing and
production decisions in future years. In addition, this data is useful
to researchers and policymakers who need accurate data about caneberry
pricing trends in the North American caneberry industry.
Caneberry growers can participate in the online survey by following this
link. Survey results will be reported in the NARBA newsletter.
For more information about the survey, contact Daniel Tregeagle
(tregeagle@ncsu.edu or 919-515-6091). For more information about the
North American caneberry industry, contact NARBA Executive Secretary
Debby Wechsler (raspberryblackberry@gmail.com or 919-542-4037).
<br />
<br />
Read more at: https://covid19.ces.ncsu.edu/2020/06/2020-caneberry-survey-on-pricing-covid-19-impacts/</div>
Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4627263719943649769.post-30254340602311092222020-05-21T10:50:00.001-04:002020-05-25T11:17:38.497-04:00Virtual Strawberry Field Day 2020<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgetTsZsScA0wonb9FWgyQVofXoHT2taaciCidCc9lrBuVZ5gtxY6i89bscBLht9_CThLOLtlDwvoqoZlZlHHFvZNFUXRq_IcQYNMu_JgDREl0RbzmIdaba00aSGvmpbJt_mdct8ybLVVFD/s1600/IMG_1524.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgetTsZsScA0wonb9FWgyQVofXoHT2taaciCidCc9lrBuVZ5gtxY6i89bscBLht9_CThLOLtlDwvoqoZlZlHHFvZNFUXRq_IcQYNMu_JgDREl0RbzmIdaba00aSGvmpbJt_mdct8ybLVVFD/s320/IMG_1524.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Strawberry circle of life.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
Check out the 2020 NCSU Strawberry Field Day Virtual Tour on You Tube:<br />
<h3>
</h3>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imoszzNnbbc#action=share">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imoszzNnbbc#action=share</a><br />
<br />
Since you could not be there, we will have a follow up webinar May 28, 2:30-3:30. You can ask questions and learn more about strawberry research at NC State. These folks will be there: Hannah Burrack, Gina Fernandez,
Mark Hoffmann and Rocco Schiavone. <br />
<br />
<b><span style="-moz-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px;">Register in advance for this meeting:</span><br style="-moz-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px;" /><br style="-moz-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px;" /><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fncsu.zoom.us%2Fmeeting%2Fregister%2FtJYkf-uvqTgpHNbTtB6BrnMT-1I97-y0JzhJ&sa=D&ust=1590851745953000&usg=AOvVaw1t7OIENaYiqx34VFHy3Fho" style="-moz-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px;" target="_blank">https://ncsu.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJYkf-uvqTgpHNbTtB6BrnMT-1I97-y0JzhJ</a><span style="-moz-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px;"> </span></b><br style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;" /><br style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;" /><span style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the meeting.</span><br style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;" /><br />
<br />
Also, check out the University of Arkansas Field walk video. They mention NCSU cultivars Rocco and Liz. Liz starts at 8:24 followed by Rocco. <br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLd4ZBCrPZk&t=12s">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLd4ZBCrPZk&t=12s</a>Gina Fernandezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02747842995057393641noreply@blogger.com0